Su 30 Fighter Jet - (NATO reporting name: Flanker-H) is a bi-jet multi-role air superiority fighter developed by Sukhoi of Russia and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) of India for the Indian Air Force (IAF). A variant of the Sukhoi Su-30 is a heavy, all-weather, long-range fighter.
The development of the variant began after India signed an agreement with Russia in 2000 for the production of 140 Su-30 fighters.
Su 30 Fighter Jet
The Su-30MKI is expected to form the backbone of the fighter fleet of the Indian Air Force till 2020 and beyond.
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The aircraft is built to Indian specifications and incorporates Indian systems and avionics, as well as French and Israeli subsystems.
The Su-30MKI was designed by the Sukhoi Corporation of Russia in early 1995 and manufactured under license by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) of India.
The Su-30MKI is derived from the Sukhoi Su-27 and incorporates technology from the Su-37 demonstrator and the Su-30 program.
The Russian Ministry of Defense was impressed by the speed of operation of this type and ordered 30 Su-30SM, domestic Su-30MKI, for the Russian Air Force.
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It features state-of-the-art avionics developed by Russia, India and Israel for display, navigation, targeting and electronic warfare; France and South Africa provided other avionics.
After two years of evaluation and negotiations, on November 30, 1996, India signed a $1.462 billion contract with Sukhoi for 50 Russian-made Su-30MKIs in five batches. The first batch was eight Su-30K, the main export version of the Su-30 (designated Su-30MKI-I by India). The second batch of 10 was also Su-30K, but equipped with French and Israeli avionics (designated Su-30MKI-I by India). The third batch consists of 10 Su-30MKI. The fourth batch of 12 Su-30MKI and the fifth batch of 10 Su-30MKI had AL-31FP turbofans. The Su-30Ks were originally upgraded to the Su-30MKI final configuration, but were instead returned to Russia between 2007 and 2011.
In October 2000, a memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed for the production of 140 Su-30MKIs in India; In December 2000, an agreement was signed for the total transfer of technology at the Russian aircraft plant Irkutsk. The Indian Air Force (IAF) has ordered 272 aircraft, of which 50 will be supplied by Russia between 2002-2004 and 2007. The remaining 222 aircraft will be manufactured under license at HAL's facilities in India in 2004.
The first Nasik-built Su-30MKIs were to be delivered from 2004, with production in phases from 2017-18. In November 2002, the delivery schedule was accelerated and production will be completed by 2015.
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About 920 AL-31FP turbofans will be manufactured at HAL's Koraput unit, while the main system and other accessories will be manufactured at HAL's Lucknow and Hyderabad units. Final integration and test flights of the aircraft are being carried out at HAL's Nasik unit.
Four phases of production are described, with the Indian concentration gradually increasing: Phases I, II, III and IV. In phase I, HAL produced Su-30MKI from scrapped kits, switching to semi-dismantled kits in phases II and III; In phase IV, HAL has been producing aircraft from scratch since 2013.
In 2007, another 40 Su-30MKI were ordered. The expected fleet strength in 2009 will be 230 aircraft.
In 2008, Samtel HAL Display Systems (SHDS), a joint venture between Samtel Display Systems and HAL, won a contract to develop and manufacture multi-function avionics displays for MKI.
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The helmet-mounted Topsight-I display, based on Thales technology and developed by SHDS, will be integrated into the Su-30MKI in the next update. In March 2010, it was reported that India and Russia negotiated a contract for 42 more Su-30MKI.
In June 2010, the Cabinet Committee on Security was reported to have cleared the ₹15,000 (US$1.9 billion) deal, with 42 aircraft to be in service by 2018.
This increased unit cost compared to the previous unit cost of $40 million in 2007 has led to rumors that this latest order of 42 Su-30MKI is for the Strategic Forces Command (SFC) and that these aircraft will be optimized and equipped for the nuclear weapons. delivery The SFC had earlier submitted a proposal to the Indian Ministry of Defense to establish two special fighter squadrons of 40 nuclear-capable aircraft.
HAL expected the Su-30MKI program to be completed by 2010; "HAL will achieve 100 per kt of Sukhoi aircraft from raw material production to final aircraft assembly," said V. Balakrishnan, General Manager, Aircraft Manufacturing Division.
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On 24 December 2012, India ordered assembly kits for 42 Su-30MKI, signing an agreement during President Putin's visit to India.
In June 2018, India stated that it did not decide to order another Su-30 because they felt that their maintenance costs were too high compared to Western aircraft.
In June 2020, India decided to order 12 more Su-30MKI aircraft along with 21 MiG-29. The Su-30MKI order is to compensate for accident losses to maintain the sanctioned strength of 272 Su-30MKI. The MiG-29 order was placed to build a fourth MiG-29 squadron to bolster the depleted IAF force. The MiGs, despite being an old platform, were ordered for delivery within a period of 2-3 years, as they were built for a previously canceled order and have a very reasonable price compared to new aircraft.
In 2004, India signed an agreement with Russia for the indigenous production of the Novator K-100 missile designed to shoot down aircraft early warning and control (AEW&C) and C4ISTAR for the Su-30MKI.
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Although not initially designed to carry nuclear or strategic weapons, India is considering integrating an air-launched version of the Nirbhay that can carry nuclear weapons.
In May 2010, India Today reported that Russia won a contract to upgrade 40 Su-30MKIs with new radars, on-board computers, electronic warfare systems and the ability to carry the BrahMos cruise missile. The first two prototypes with the Super-30 upgrade will be delivered to the IAF in 2012, after which the upgrades will be implemented on the final batch of 40 production aircraft.
The Brahmos missile integrated into the Su-30MKI will allow it to attack ground targets at a distance of about 300 km.
On June 25, 2016, HAL conducted the first test flight of Su-30MKI equipped with BrahMos-A missile from Nashik, India. The first air launch of BrahMos by Su-30MKI was successfully conducted on November 22, 2017.
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India plans to upgrade its Su-30MKI fighters with Russian Phazotron Zhuk-AE Active electronically scanned array (AESA) radars. The X-band radar can track up to 30 aerial targets in tracking mode while scanning and measure six targets simultaneously in attack mode. AESA technology offers improved performance and reliability compared to traditional mechanically scanned array radars.
On 18 August 2010, Indian Defense Minister AK Antony stated that the current estimated cost for the upgrade was ₹10,920 crore (US$1 billion) and that the aircraft would be upgraded in phases starting in 2012.
Starting in 2012, the Indian Ministry of Defense proposed several upgrades to the Indian Parliament for the Su-30MKI, including the installation of Russian Phazotron Zhuk-AE AESA radars.
During the MMRCA trials, the Zhuk-AE AESA radar demonstrated significant capabilities, including terrain mapping modes and the ability to detect and track aerial targets.
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At the 2011 MAKS air show, Irkut president Alexi Fedorov proposed an upgrade package with advanced radar and a reduced radar signature to the Indian Navy, making them "Super Sukhois".
In 2012, the upgrade of the previous 80 Su-30MKI will provide them with 300 km cruise missiles; a request for information (ROI) has been issued for such weapons.
In 2011, India issued a request for information to MBDA for the integration of the Brimstone surface attack missile and the Meteor air-to-air missile.
In February 2017, it was reported that the aircraft will be upgraded with AL-41F turbofan engines, similar to those of the Sukhoi Su-35.
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In August 2017, the Indian government offered ₹30,000 (US$4 billion) to equip the aircraft with new reconnaissance equipment.
India plans to increase the BVR capability of the Su-30MKI by arming its fleet with the indigenous Astra BVR missile.
In September 2019, the Astra was undergoing several user trials by the Indian Air Force to confirm its lethality for the Su-30MKI.
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Nose wheel of Su-30MKI; Notice that the externally mounted crank is bolted to the body instead of the gear foot
The Su-30MKI is a highly integrated biplane. The body is made of titanium and high resistance aluminum alloys. Gine's intake ramps and struts are fitted with breech curtains to ensure a continuous aerodynamic profile between the booms and tail beams. Fins and horizontal tail console are attached to the tail beams. The central beam section between the Gine engines consists of an equipment compartment, a fuel tank and a brake parachute container. The fuselage is of semi-monocoque construction and consists of the cockpit, radar unit and avionics unit.
The Su-30MKI aerodynamic configuration is a longitudinal triangle with comfortable stability. The canard increases the lift of the aircraft and automatically tilts to allow angle of attack (AoA) flights.
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